WHY WATCH WEDDINGS
AND FUNERALS?
Lidziya Martsinovich,
MA in Sociology, Visual Art Researcher
The Black and The White books that you are holding in hands contain wedding and funeral photographs from the 20th century. In this very edition around 700 collections are represented by 1-2 photos we have picked out of them. They got to the cultural initiative VEHA in different ways: some of them were sent to us by the state museums and archives, but most of them were presented by the photography enthusiasts interested in history. There are even several photos found in the old village houses for different reasons abandoned by their owners, but they are still hiding inside the no one’s artefacts of the past life.
Our work at the wedding and funeral photography collection was preceded by the project “The Best Side” (the photo sets presented at the Month of photography in Minsk in 2017, and published as an album with the same name in 2018). The project contained the pictures taken by Belarusian families, mostly from the countryside, against the background of blankets and woven carpets. On the one hand, we attempted to approach a very specific Belarusian ritual – taking photos against the traditional interior textile background. And on the other hand, basing on this material we tried to follow two global phenomena: the development and acquisition of photography practices during the 20th century in Belarus and the transformations of family relations and rituals, their reflection in the photography. And another thing that interested us was how differently our fellow countrymen – village and small town dwellers – had tried to show themselves from the best side, what values and aesthetic beliefs they had established and transmitted.
So our further interest in the wedding and funeral photography made a perfect sense. The two key events in the life of any family shown on the photographs interested us both as special clot points of axiological and aesthetic beliefs and as coded practices and relations that were lived through the performance of wedding and funeral rituals and included into the narratives of certain families.
The fundamental character and existential deepness of the wedding and funeral puts some ethical pressure on those who encounters them. When the wedding photography most commonly captures a joyful event in the life of a family, as if inviting us to watch closer and celebrate the creation of a new family union, the funeral photography is far from that. Though the wedding photos are also not that simple. Perhaps, the today’s practice of wedding solemn photo sessions is one of the most widespread and developed bad taste photography rituals. Or if we try to be unbiased we can say that it is one of the most standardized procedures with a limited selection of clichés. As a result, the modern spectator’s reception inevitably gets into the paradigm of comparing the present clichés with the ones from the past, without taking into consideration that the universes of the family and gender relations today and 100 years ago were absolutely different. And the wedding photography has been to some extent compromised as a genre when the life union between a woman and a man was unbreakably and unappealably seen as the highest treasure and the keystone of the society.
The asymmetry of the rights and liabilities of the bride and bridegroom, of the wife and husband, of the daughter- and mother-in-law, together with the ways of choosing a marriage partner (very often it was arranged by the agreement of the future couple’s parents or through a matchmaking) – all this is concealed in the wedding photography and is not less important than the manifestation of the symbolic announcement about the creation of a new family union, the promise to love, be faithful and share the worries about the future of their children and grandchildren. We tried to take into account all these aspects, and the respect for the individual lives lived in all those historically, culturally and socially conditioned circumstances was our primary concern. But at the same time we attempted to keep our gender sensitivity and see not only the things the photo wanted to tell us, but also those things that it perhaps wanted to hide.
The funeral photography is probably still a tabooeed visual area for Belarusian spectators. Frequently have we faced the nonacceptance while publishing funeral photos. They have aroused rejection, confusion, different forms of spectator’s frustration, the viewers could not decide how to build their own relations with the image. Of course, it’s not only the matter of the lack of the viewing experience or the banal uncustomary character of this photo genre that has almost gone nowadays... We think that the discomfort that spectators feel while watching at the funeral photographs actually has to do with the fundamental ethic questions. Is it acceptable to publish the archives whose owners are unknown or have already died? Or do those archives deserve a right for oblivion? Is it allowed for a stranger to watch at the family rituals using the medium of photography? Or maybe funeral photos are truly private and intimate documents because they are taken with expectation that they will be watched mostly by the family members? And isn’t the interest towards the funeral photography actually something immoral? Because during the funeral procession the deceased is objectivated and is unable to permit or forbid being photographed. Besides, the funeral tradition involves not only ritual elements, but also a strong and uncontrolled emotional experience of a the humane death. Is it at all moral to watch the mourning and grieving? We think these questions are worth discussing and every spectator should answer them for him- or herself.
The acuteness of the moral issues doesn’t dismiss the importance of preserving the funeral photography. We build upon the point that the social history of Belarusian families and the history of the everyday life are going to disappear forever, because in today’s Belarus they are not included into the mainstream historical narratives and the most common practices of work with the historical heritage. The dominant mythological trend on the media scene – e.g., the heroic deeds and masculine-centered history of Belarus – as if does not notice the lives and fates of certain men, women and children, who maybe have not done any incredible deeds but have undergone a unique experience. The filtering of memory and dictating of what is acceptable and unacceptable to remember is a too strong curse for Belarus in itself to intensify it with self-cen-sorship and self-limitation. We join the initiatives and authors who tend to study things that are filtered out by the official discourses and work with oral history and also the history of the everyday life in all their manifestations, those who understand the ethnography as preserving, documenting and systematizing not only rituals, folklore and household items, but also tiny bits of experience and life views of certain people.
The practice of visual communication with the funeral photography is a true manifestation of the respect towards the deceased and the feelings of their family members, the gratitude for preserving lovers and researchers who able to be emphatic. In the same way we relate to any other genres of vernacular photography, even when they seem to be less sensible.
The same is with the question of the expediency of publishing no one’s photo archives that are impossible to attribute at the moment. Several times we have faced situations when the already published anonymous photographs came to the notice of the acquaintances and relatives of the people photographed and thanks to the publication those unknown restored their lost names and places in the memory of their families. And we hope there will be more of such encounters and reestablished connections in future!
НАВОШТА ГЛЯДЗЕЦЬ НА ВЯСЕЛЛI I ПАХАВАННI ?
Лідзія Марціновіч,
магистр социологии, визуальная исследовательница
Лідзія Марціновіч,
магистр социологии, визуальная исследовательница